bfCallback1740676140615({"Request":{"VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","IsToday":true,"SearchType":"today","SearchResultType":"event"},"Results":[{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"On February 27, 1860, Abraham Lincoln, a presidential candidate who had yet to win the Republican nomination, accepted an invitation to speak to the Young Mens Republican Union at Cooper Union Hall before a capacity crowd of 1,500.\u00A0 Lincoln used the occasion to outline his views on slavery in the territories, noting that his research had shown that 21 of the 39 signers of the Constitution believed slavery should not be allowed in the territories, attempting to undercut the opposition charge that\u00A0 the Republican position on that question was out of the political mainstream.\u00A0 He then urged fellow Republicans not to capitulate to Southern demands to recognize slavery as acceptable, but to continually oppose the institution or as he said, to stand by our duty, fearlessly and effectively. His speech appears below:\nMr. President and fellow citizens of New York: -\nThe facts with which I shall deal this evening are mainly old and familiar; nor is there anything new in the general use I shall make of them. If there shall be any novelty, it will be in the mode of presenting the facts, and the inferences and observations following that presentation.\nIn his speech last autumn, at Columbus, Ohio, as reported in The New-York Times, Senator Douglas said:\nOur fathers, when they framed the Government under which we live, understood this question just as well, and even better, than we do now.\nI fully indorse this, and I adopt it as a text for this discourse. I so adopt it because it furnishes a precise and an agreed starting point for a discussion between Republicans and that wing of the Democracy headed by Senator Douglas. It simply leaves the inquiry: What was the understanding those fathers had of the question mentioned?\nWhat is the frame of government under which we live?\nThe answer must be: The Constitution of the United States. That Constitution consists of the original, framed in 1787, (and under which the present government first went into operation,) and twelve subsequently framed amendments, the first ten of","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/abraham_lincoln__ca__1858.jpg","ImageHeight":353,"ImageWidth":300,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1860-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1860,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4486,"FactUId":"664d0f50-d855-4467-997a-0e25aaa5ccf8","Slug":"1860-abraham-lincoln-cooper-union-address","FactType":"Event","Title":"(1860) Abraham Lincoln, \u201CCooper Union Address\u201D","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/1860-abraham-lincoln-cooper-union-address","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Yityish \u0026ldquo;Titi\u0026rdquo; Aynaw was crowned Miss Israel on February 27, 2013.\u00A0 She made history when she became the first Miss Israel of African ancestry.\u00A0 Born in Gondar Province, Ethiopia, Aynaw arrived in Israel in March 2003 along with her older brother and grandparents at the age of 12 after the death of her mother in 2002.\u00A0 Her father died when she was two years old.\nAynaw lived in the hardscrabble immigrant town of Netanya.\u00A0 Despite having no knowledge of spoken or written Hebrew, she was transported to a Hebrew boarding school in Haifa that catered to newly arrived immigrants.\u00A0 Over time her competency in Hebrew steadily increased and she eventually became fluent in Yiddish as well.\u00A0 Aynaw was a standout student in high school who distinguished herself from the outset.\u00A0 She was student council president, excelled in track and field, and won first place in a national film competition that was loosely based on her own life experiences.\nAfter graduating from high school, Aynaw\u2014like all school graduates, male and female\u2014served in the Israeli Defense Forces.\u00A0 She was a Lieutenant in the Military Police Corps of the Israel Defense Forces and served as a military police commander responsible for fellow soldiers.\u00A0 In this position, she instructed soldiers how to fire weapons, perform security checks at checkpoints, and detect and detonate bombs.\nAynaw remained connected to her Ethiopian heritage even as she embraced her new Israeli national identity.\u00A0 She consistently promoted the mores and customs of her native land.\u00A0 In high school, she occasionally brought Ethiopian foods and wore clothing reflecting her nation of origin.\u00A0 It was her history of ethnic and nationalistic pride that made Aynaw the target of criticism from fellow Ethiopian immigrants who were embarrassed by her actions and were more interested in assimilating into Israeli culture.\u00A0 Aynaw dismissed these critics by asserting that she could recall her ethnic heritage in an increasingly multi-ethnic Israel while representing all Israelis during her reign. She","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/yityish_aynaw.jpg","ImageHeight":245,"ImageWidth":350,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"fa2f9afd-7089-4f75-b6cc-7310752048d0","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Diversity In Action","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/DiversityInAction-Logo-24.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://diversityinaction.net/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2013-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2013,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4538,"FactUId":"4f176a25-7fbb-4b7d-a2cf-874b6d5f9f30","Slug":"aynaw-yityish-titi-1992","FactType":"Event","Title":"Aynaw, Yityish \u201CTiti\u201D (1992-    )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/aynaw-yityish-titi-1992","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Anna Julia Cooper , n\u00E9e Anna Julia Haywood  (born August 10, 1858?, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.\u2014died February 27, 1964, Washington, D.C.), American educator and writer whose book A Voice From the South by a Black Woman of the South (1892) became a classic African American feminist text.\nCooper was the daughter of a slave woman and her white slaveholder (or his brother). In 1868 she enrolled in the newly established Saint Augustine\u2019s Normal School and Collegiate Institute (now Saint Augustine\u2019s University), a school for freed slaves. She quickly distinguished herself as an excellent student, and, in addition to her studies, she began teaching mathematics part-time at age 10. While enrolled at Saint Augustine\u2019s, she had a feminist awakening when she realized that her male classmates were encouraged to study a more rigorous curriculum than were the female students. After that early realization, she spent the rest of her life advocating for the education of black women.\nIn 1877 Anna married her classmate George Cooper, who died two years later. After her husband\u2019s death, Cooper enrolled in Oberlin College in Ohio, graduating in 1884 with a B.S. in mathematics and receiving a master\u2019s degree in mathematics in 1888. In 1887 she became a faculty member at the M Street High School (established in 1870 as the Preparatory High School for Negro Youth) in Washington, D.C. There she taught mathematics, science, and, later, Latin.\nDuring the 1890s Cooper became involved in the black women\u2019s  club movement. Women\u2019s club members were generally educated middle-class women who believed that it was their duty to help less-fortunate African Americans. During that time Cooper became a popular public speaker. She addressed a wide variety of groups, including the National Conference of Colored Women in 1895 and the first Pan-African Conference in 1900.\nIn 1902 Cooper was named principal of the M Street High School. As principal, she enhanced the academic reputation of the school, and under her tenure several M Street graduates were","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/46/7546-004-7f54297c.jpg","ImageHeight":379,"ImageWidth":550,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1964-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1964,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":10429,"FactUId":"e00859ab-ad92-48b3-8902-4b7c027d9c2f","Slug":"anna-julia-cooper","FactType":"Event","Title":"Anna Julia Cooper","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/anna-julia-cooper","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Marian Anderson, renowned contralto and one of the most celebrated singers of the 20th Century, was born on February 27, 1897 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/anderson_marian.jpg","ImageHeight":416,"ImageWidth":257,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1897-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1897,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18362,"FactUId":"471888bd-461d-473d-a15c-07e724f62eb7","Slug":"anderson-marian-1897-1993--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Anderson, Marian (1897-1993) - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/anderson-marian-1897-1993--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Joseph Dickinson was born in Canada in 1955 and moved to Michigan in 1870. He learned about various types of organs while working for the Clough and Warren Organ Company in Detroit in 1872. One of the organs he designed was awarded a prize at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1876 and Dickinson was quickly hired to build organs for major customers, including the Royal Family of Portugal.\nDickinson also invented a roller mechanism for the player piano which made the piano more reliable and able to play the sheet music in forward or reverse mode.\nAfter marrying Eva Gould in 1884, Dickinson formed the Dickinson-Gould Organ Company along with his father-in-law. The company manufactured reed organs and Dickinson received numerous patents for them, the last coming in 1912.\n 1 reply      gregory brown sr says:   February 27, 2015 at 5:00 pm   \nhello,glad to read about so many African American successes,but we need to continue to move forward in the progress of each!\n anything about their ethics that were in slavery?","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/blackinventor.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/josephdickinson3.jpg","ImageHeight":141,"ImageWidth":80,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","SponsorId":"e1937d8b-561e-4826-8d6e-da76009d44da","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Christo Rey New York High School","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/christorey-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cristoreyny.org","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2015-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2015,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6802,"FactUId":"0b11c841-d972-45d5-aa57-92047b84adef","Slug":"joseph-dickinson","FactType":"Event","Title":"Joseph Dickinson","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/joseph-dickinson","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"On February 27, 1833 Maria W. Stewart gave this speech before a racially integrated audience at the African Masonic Hall in Boston.\nAFRICAN RIGHTS and liberty is a subject that ought to fire the breast of every free man of color in these United States, and excite in his bosom a lively, deep, decided and heart-felt interest. When I cast my eyes on the long list of illustrious names that are enrolled on the bright annals of fame amongst the whites, I turn my eyes within, and ask my thoughts, Where are the names of our illustrious ones? It must certainly have been for the want of energy on the part of the free people of color that they have been long willing to bear the yoke of oppression. It must have been the want of ambition and force that has given the whites occasion to say, that our natural abilities are not as good, and our capacities by nature inferior to theirs. They boldly assert, that, did we possess a natural independence of soul, and feel a love for liberty within our breasts, some one of our sable race, long before this, would have testified it, notwithstanding the disadvantages under which we labor. We have made ourselves appear altogether unqualified to speak in our own defence, and are therefore looked upon as objects of pity and commiseration. We have been imposed upon, insulted and derided on every side; and now, if we complain, it is considered as the height of impertinenance.\u00A0 We have suffered ourselves to be considered as dastards, cowards, mean, faint-hearted wretches; and on this account, (not because of our complexion), many despise us and would gladly spurn us from their presence.\nThese things have fired my soul with a holy indignation, and compelled me thus to come forward, and endeavor to turn their attention to knowledge and improvement; for knowledge is power. I would ask, is it blindness of mind, or stupidity of soul, or the want of education, that has caused our men who are 60 or 70 years of age, never to let their voices be heard nor their hands be raised in behalf of their","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"e42d645b-ba17-4d13-bfc2-d2671a5dbf45","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"NSBE Boston","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/nsbe-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.nsbeboston.org/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1833-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1833,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":7881,"FactUId":"543884ac-61c2-447e-a5fd-a9a7563eadbb","Slug":"1833-maria-w-stewart-an-address-at-the-african-masonic-hall","FactType":"Event","Title":"(1833) Maria W. Stewart, \u201CAn Address at the African Masonic Hall\u201D","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/1833-maria-w-stewart-an-address-at-the-african-masonic-hall","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"The most common answer to the question, \u0026ldquo;Why was Africa called the Dark Continent?\u0026rdquo; is that Europe did not know much about Africa until the 19th century, but that answer is misleading. Europeans had known quite a lot, but they began ignoring earlier sources of information.\nMore importantly, the campaign against slavery and missionary work in Africa actually intensified Europeans\u2019 racial ideas about African people in the 1800s.\n\u00A0 They called Africa the Dark Continent, because of the mysteries and the savagery they expected to find\u00A0in the \u0026ldquo;Interior.\nIt is true that up until the 19th century, Europeans had little direct knowledge of Africa beyond the coast, but their maps were already filled with details about the continent. African kingdoms had been trading with Middle Eastern and Asian states for over two millennia. Initially, Europeans drew on the maps and reports created by earlier traders and explorers like the famed Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta who traveled across the Sahara and along the North and East coasts of Africa in the 1300s.\nDuring the Enlightenment, however, Europeans developed new standards and tools for mapping, and since they weren\u2019t sure precisely where the lakes, mountains, and cities of Africa were, they began erasing them from popular maps. Many scholarly maps still had more details, but due to the new standards, the European explorers who went to Africa were credited with discovering the mountains, rivers, and kingdoms to which African people guided them.\nThe maps these explorers created did add to what was known, but they also helped create the myth of the Dark Continent. The phrase itself was actually popularized by the explorer H. M. Stanley, who with an eye to boosting sales titled one of his accounts, Through the Dark Continent, and another, In Darkest Africa.\nIn the late 1700s, British abolitionists were campaigning hard against slavery. They published pamphlets described the horrid brutality and inhumanity of plantation slavery. One of the most famous images showed a black man in","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/fthmb.tqn.com/2vfv56f2hkxpmuzd0fwm2gq-7o8-/1500x1501/filters-fill-auto-1-/about/dark-continent-small-5895b49d3df78caebc9f0435.jpg","ImageHeight":1501,"ImageWidth":1500,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"6982ddb9-33e1-469e-8344-2e6290cc3f69","SourceName":"ThoughtCo","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-history-4133344","SponsorId":"9e027dc1-0367-446b-87cb-8aff0ebac676","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Concerned Black Men of Massachusetts","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/cbmm-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cbmm.net","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2008-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2008,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":8674,"FactUId":"62266344-5fe2-4082-b23c-7dce8145fdef","Slug":"why-was-africa-called-the-dark-continent","FactType":"Event","Title":"Why Was Africa Called the Dark Continent?","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/why-was-africa-called-the-dark-continent","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Hugo Black , in full Hugo La Fayette Black  (born February 27, 1886, Harlan, Clay county, Alabama, U.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/46/97146-004-4cbafefb.jpg","ImageHeight":450,"ImageWidth":356,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","SponsorId":"92d93880-697a-445c-aed2-13bc576dd2c3","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Eastern Bank","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/eb-logo-24.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.easternbank.com/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1886-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1886,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18575,"FactUId":"cfd080da-5be2-46c3-912c-f4d52fe3639d","Slug":"hugo-black--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Hugo Black - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/hugo-black--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Rajo Jack died in California on February 27, 1956 from heart failure suffered while on Highway 395 near Inyokern.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/rajo_jack_de_soto.jpg","ImageHeight":255,"ImageWidth":400,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1956-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1956,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18753,"FactUId":"6145b530-3406-4062-8389-aefffa67ffc8","Slug":"gatson-dewey-aka-rajo-jack-desoto-1905-1956--death","FactType":"Event","Title":"Gatson, Dewey (AKA Rajo Jack DeSoto) (1905-1956) - Death","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/gatson-dewey-aka-rajo-jack-desoto-1905-1956--death","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Marian Anderson was a highly renowned classical singer who became the first African American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera. She was born on February 27, 1897 to John and Annie Anderson in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father ran an ice and coal business and his mother was a babysitter. She came from a devout Christian family, and her earliest exposure to music was through the Union Baptist Church in South Philadelphia. Her family recognized her vocal talents and encouraged her to sing and perform. They bought her a piano but could not afford to pay for lessons, so Marian taught herself to play and joined the church choir at the age of six. Her aunt Mary was also a choir singer, and she encouraged her niece by taking her along to performances at church, the YMCA and any other benefits and community events. Marian was paid 25 cents for her performances as a child, which increased to $5 by the time she was a teenager.\nAs her exposure and interest in music grew, Marian became more confident as a performer. Her father died in a mining accident when she was 12, so the family moved in with her grandparents. Her grandfather had been a slave who had been emancipated in the 1860s, and Marian was very close to him. She attended Stanton Grammar School, from where she graduated in 1912. She could not afford formal lessons, but joined various groups such as the Baptists\u2019 Young People\u2019s Union and the Camp Fire Girls where she got opportunities to develop her talents. She attended South Philadelphia High School, from which she graduated in 1921.\nShe was denied admission to the Philadelphia Music Academy due to racial segregation, but this left her undaunted. She took private lessons with the noted teacher Giuseppe Boghetti, for whom she auditioned and he was duly impressed and agreed to take her on as a student. She received immense support from the Philadelphia black community, who raised funds for her to be able to continue her musical education. In 1925, she won the first prize in a singing competition sponsored by","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.famousafricanamericans.org/images/marian-anderson.jpg","ImageHeight":333,"ImageWidth":580,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","SponsorId":"c774164e-1b1a-4b35-8157-9ce64ec2e2c6","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Prospanica Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/prospanica-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.prospanica.org/members/group.aspx?code=Boston","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1897-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1897,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":5821,"FactUId":"425cf6de-5abd-4375-9547-f4499db7a52a","Slug":"marian-anderson-2","FactType":"Event","Title":"Marian Anderson","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/marian-anderson-2","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Lieutenant James A. Roston was a key organizer for the African American labor movement in Seattle in the early part of the 20th century. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut in 1864.\u00A0 Roston was commissioned (from the District of Columbia) as a first lieutenant in the 10th U.S. Volunteer Infantry (Tenth Immunes), Company K, during the Spanish American War, 1898-1899.\u00A0 The regiment never served outside the United States.\u00A0 After the War he enlisted a private in the 24th Infantry and seved in the Phillippines (1899-1902) rising to the rank of coporal.\u00A0 While there he distinguished himself in the field when, as Chief of Scouts, he helped capture high-ranking rebel officers. \nAfter his service ended in 1902, Roston settled in Brooklyn, New York where he sold real estate, lectured about the Philippines and Africa, and served as chairman and president of the 1903 Commercial American Negro Convention, a group whose goal was to tax African Americans and use the revenue to establish black-owned businesses. He also served as Exalted Ruler of Brooklyn Elks Lodge #32.\nRoston moved to Seattle after a year as a Pullman porter in Spokane, Washington, and soon established himself as a realtor for the many African Americans that were moving to the area during the shipbuilding boom of the early 1900s. During the Longshoreman\u2019s strike of 1916, he helped recruit 400 African American strikebreakers.\u00A0 Roston established and became president of the Colored Marine Employees Benevolent Protective Association of the Pacific, the first African American labor organization in the Pacific Northwest, to \u0026ldquo;organize (black) workers and erase the false impression that the colored man...didn\u2019t believe in organization.\u0026rdquo; The strike was marked by racial tensions and conflict with white workers attacking blacks who then retaliated in kind. On February 27, 1917 the Central Labor Council \u0026ldquo;by a practically unanimous vote\u0026rdquo; decided to include \u0026ldquo;negroes and whites in labor.\u0026rdquo; When the United States entered World War I in April, the strike was ended by","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1917-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1917,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":5974,"FactUId":"e67be3d1-a48e-4227-b8b6-f788df9a9e59","Slug":"roston-james-a-1864-1924","FactType":"Event","Title":"Roston, James A. (1864-1924)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/roston-james-a-1864-1924","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Sherry D. Harris was the first out black lesbian elected to public office in 1991 in the United States. This also gave her the distinction of being the first African American woman on the Seattle City Council in Washington State.\nHarris was born on February 27, 1957 in Newark, New Jersey to a single mom, Dorothy Harris. An only child, she grew up in this community\u2019s ghetto. She recalled witnessing the 1967 riots there. Dorothy Harris became her daughter\u2019s role model with her emphasis on contributing to society and active community involvement.\nHarris received a Bachelor of Science degree in Human Factors Engineering (Ergonomic Engineering) from the New Jersey Institute of Technology in 1978. She moved to Seattle shortly thereafter. As an engineer, she worked for Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company and Boeing. She engaged extensively in neighborhood activism through such organizations as Maple Leaf Community Club, Northwest Women\u2019s Law Center, Association of Lesbian Professionals of Seattle, and Greater Seattle Business Association. She was appointed to five city boards and commissions in the 1980s.\nIn 1991, Harris ran for political office in Seattle. She became the first candidate endorsed by the then newly-founded Gay \u0026amp; Lesbian Victory Fund, a national organization supporting LGBTQ (Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgendered Queer) persons in politics. By a 70% majority, Harris defeated the 24-year incumbent, Sam Smith, who had been the first African American elected to the Seattle City Council. She served as an at-large City Council member from 1992 to 1995.\nHarris chaired the Council\u2019s Housing, Health, Human Services and Education Committee and served on the Transportation and Utilities Committees. She sponsored or co-sponsored several gay-positive initiatives. She also helped to raise over $1 million to fight anti-gay ordinances in the state. 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In early 1802, LOuverture ended the occupation when he was forced to turn his attention back to the western third of the island to confront a newly-arrived French military expedition.\u00A0 In 1805, Jean-Jacques Dessalines was named LOuvertures successor.\nIn 1809, Santo Domingo was returned to Spanish control. In 1822, Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer invaded Santo Domingo for the third time with the intent of unifying the island. The subsequent 22-year occupation would result not only in the economic and cultural deterioration of Santo Domingo but also in a resentment of Haiti by the Dominicans. Agriculture in Santo Domingo was for the most part reduced to a sustenance level and exports dramatically declined. \nThe emigration of Dominican landowners led to the redistribution of their property to Haitian officials and the practice of Haitian soldiers commandeering supplies from the countryside only made the situation worse. 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Anderson was entered in the New York Philharmonic Competition at age 17 by her music teacher, and placed first over 299 other singers. Awarded a Rosenwald Fellowship in 1930, Anderson went to Europe for a year of study. She returned briefly to the United States but went back to Europe in 1933 to debut in Berlin and again, in 1935, in Austria. In 1933, Anderson performed 142 concerts in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland. On Easter Sunday in 1939, Anderson performed an open air recital at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The performance was scheduled for the concert hall controlled by the Daughters of the American Revolution but was cancelled when the DAR refeused to allow Anderson to sing there. 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Though his accomplishments are well celebrated, little is known of Prince Halls early life.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"db639b42-2581-4fb8-aa10-144471738a50","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Association of Latino Professionals For America (ALPFA) Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/alpfa-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.alpfa.org/page/boston","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1788-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1788,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":1639,"FactUId":"48f0a58b-3abe-4d5d-8080-c8dbcb1e8251","Slug":"probable-date-of-prince-halls-birth","FactType":"Event","Title":"*Probable date of Prince Hall\u0027s birth","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/probable-date-of-prince-halls-birth","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Walter B. Purvis patented hand stamp.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"aa57795e-8800-46a7-89eb-a946cfbd4ad8","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"APEX Museum","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/apex-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.apexmuseum.org ","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1883-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1883,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":1828,"FactUId":"3b7d9e37-96ee-4486-9b15-d74fa4e5d42e","Slug":"hand-stamp-patented","FactType":"Event","Title":"Hand Stamp Patented","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/hand-stamp-patented","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Figure skater Debi Thomas becomes the first \nAfrican American to win a medal (bronze) at the \nwinter Olympic Games.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"05f41a69-179a-47bc-8508-7c9d7a53954a","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Museum of African American History in Massachusetts","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/maah-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.maah.org ","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1988-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1988,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2422,"FactUId":"7452b641-2da6-4fa9-87b3-8162bd63d1c8","Slug":"debi-thomas-1st-black-to-win-winter-olympic-medal","FactType":"Event","Title":"Debi Thomas 1st Black to win winter Olympic medal","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/debi-thomas-1st-black-to-win-winter-olympic-medal","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Charlotte Ray graduates from Howard Law School. She is the first African American lawyer in the U.S.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1872-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1872,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2438,"FactUId":"333f9ede-fe47-4657-b53b-d15454d3cc78","Slug":"charlotte-ray-graduates-from-howard-law-school","FactType":"Event","Title":"Charlotte Ray graduates from Howard Law School.","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/charlotte-ray-graduates-from-howard-law-school","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"John W. Menard spoke in Congress in defense of his claim to a contested seat in Louisianas Second Congressional District. Congress decided against both claimants. Congressman James A. Garfield of the examining committee said it was too early to admit a Negro to the U.S. Congress. Menard was the first Black to make a speech in Congress.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1869-02-27T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1869,"Month":2,"Day":27,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2645,"FactUId":"4b5d2e43-a142-447c-8169-9093382f6f62","Slug":"john-w-menard-speaks-in-congress","FactType":"Event","Title":"John W. 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Steward delivered one of the four speeches which confirmed her place in history as the first American-born woman to give public lectures. Stewards lectures focused on encouraging African-Americans to attain education, political rights, and public recognition for their achievements. Her speech on thi day delivered at the African Masonic Hall in Boston, Massachusetts, was titled On African Rights and Liberty. Sixty-seven years later in Boston on this same day, African-American teacher and poet Angelina Weld Grimke was born. 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