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Robertson Payton was the first African American and the first woman to become the director of the U.S. Peace Corps. She was appointed in 1977 by U.S. President Jimmy Carter.\nCarolyn L. Robertson Payton was born on May 13, 1925, in Norfolk, Virginia, to Bertha M. Flanagan, a seamstress, and Leroy S. Robertson, a ship steward. She graduated from Booker T. Washington High school in Norfolk in 1941 and received her B.S. degree in Home Economics from Bennett College in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1945. Payton remained close to Bennett College, establishing a scholarship fund there in the late 1990s.\nPayton then attended the University of Wisconsin where her tuition and other expenses were paid by the state of Virginia as part of the state\u2019s policy of sending black graduate students to out-of-state institutions rather than allowing them to received advanced degrees at the state\u2019s universities. Payton received her Master\u2019s in Psychology from Wisconsin in 1948. \nAfter graduation, Payton took positions as a psychologist at Livingston College in Salisbury, North Carolina, and as psychology instructor at Elizabeth City State Teachers College in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, where she also served as dean of women. She joined the faculty of Howard University in Washington, D.C., after completing coursework for her PhD at Columbia University in 1959.\u00A0She received her PhD from Columbia in 1962. \nDr. Payton first came to work for the Peace Corps in 1964. In 1966 she was named country director for the Eastern Caribbean, stationed in Barbados, serving in this position until 1970. In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed her director for the entire agency. 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Julian was not allowed to live in the college dorms or eat meals there so he had to find off campus accommodation for himself. He also held a number of odd jobs to support his education including waiting tables and working at a fraternity house, where he slept in the attic.\nPercy Julian\u00A0graduated from DePauw University in 1920 with honors and as the class valedictorian. He then joined Fisk University as a chemistry instructor, before receiving an Austin Fellowship in Chemistry in 1923 which allowed him to attend Harvard University. However, his teaching assistantship was withdrawn as the management felt that other students would resent being taught by an African American, so Julian left Harvard since he would be unable to complete his Ph.D. there. A few years later, he was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship which allowed him to pursue his Ph.D. at the University of Vienna. 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He received his Ph.D. in 1931 which made him one of the first few African Americans to have achieved this.\nJulian then returned to America and obtained a teaching position at Howard University.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.famousafricanamericans.org/images/percy-julian.jpg","ImageHeight":306,"ImageWidth":580,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","SponsorId":"c0ecc1a0-0e1a-48a4-8c15-e9affaab713b","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"BARBinc","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/barbinc-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"http://www.barbinc.com","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1899-04-11T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1899,"Month":4,"Day":11,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6401,"FactUId":"55fe625c-f9dc-4518-a618-64e4ff37b1d8","Slug":"percy-julian-1","FactType":"Event","Title":"Percy Julian","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/percy-julian-1","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"George Poage ran track in the 1904 Olympic games and was the first African American to ever win an Olympic medal. Poage was born in Hannibal, Missouri on November 6, 1880, but spent most of his childhood growing up in La Crosse, Wisconsin. As a teen, he excelled both in academics and athletics. Poage attended La Crosse High School, ranked second in his class, and was his commencement salutatorian. He also was the first African American to graduate from the school. Poage received his high school diploma in 1899 and decided to continue his education at the University of Wisconsin. \nPoage was the first black athlete to run for the University of Wisconsin. Poage joined the school\u2019s freshman track team and made the varsity team his sophomore year. He consistently won points for the Badgers in his specialized events, short sprints and hurdles, quickly gaining the respect of his team mates. After graduating in 1903 with a degree in history, Poage returned to UW to take graduate classes and continue running track. He continued to break barriers and set records as an athlete, becoming in 1903 the first African American Big Ten track champion (individually) by placing first in the 440-yard dash and the 220-yard hurdles. \nIn 1904, the third Olympic games were being held at the World\u2019s Fair in St. Louis. However, separate facilities had been built for African American spectators, causing many people to boycott the Games in protest of racial segregation. Despite calls for black athletes to avoid the games, Poage decided to compete. Poage became the first African American to medal in the Olympics, placing third in the 220-yard hurdles and the 440-yard hurdles. \nFollowing his short career as a runner, Poage moved to St. Louis to become a teacher at Charles Sumner High School. Spending just under 10 years there, in 1914 he purchased a farm in Minnesota. By 1920 he relocated to Chicago. He encountered few opportunities as an African American despite his athletic and academic successes, and after a series of jobs he eventually","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/george_poage.jpg","ImageHeight":300,"ImageWidth":200,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1962-04-11T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1962,"Month":4,"Day":11,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6799,"FactUId":"4b9a1737-a493-4f83-82f3-75039c177f1d","Slug":"poage-george-coleman-1880-1962","FactType":"Event","Title":"Poage, George Coleman  (1880\u20131962)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/poage-george-coleman-1880-1962","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"}],"Uri":"https://widgets.blackfacts.com/widgets/51eaaa67-9484-41df-96ca-923a28251387/today?callback=bfCallback1743781263366","SiteRoot":"https://blackfacts.com","ApiUsage":0,"Cached":true,"StartTime":"2025-04-11T15:05:16.4515657Z","Elapsed":"00:00:00.5840189"})