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began his professional career at the Minneapolis law firm of Lindquist and Vennum.\u00A0 He worked there for three years as a litigator specializing in criminal defense, civil rights, and employment.\u00A0 After leaving Lindquist and Vennum Ellison he became executive director of the nonprofit Legal Rights Center in Minneapolis.\u00A0 He then returned to private practice by joining Hassan \u0026amp; Reed where he specialized in trial practice. \nIn 2002 Keith Ellison was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives, representing District 58B.\u00A0 He ran under the Democratic-Farmer-Labor (DFL) Party banner.\u00A0Four years later, in 2006 Ellison ran for Minnesota\u2019s Fifth District Congressional Seat as a Democrat which he continues to hold.\u00A0 With his 2006 election, Ellison became the first Muslim to be elected to the United States Congress. \nEllison was appointed to the Financial Services Committee and the Judiciary Committee.\u00A0 While in Congress Ellison has been a strong opponent of the Iraq War and has supported efforts to impeach President George Bush for his handling of the conflict.\u00A0 Ellison is a proponent of immigration reform and an advocate of privacy concerns for those who use the Internet.\u00A0 As Congress\u2019s only Muslim representative he\u00A0quickly","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/ellison_keith.jpg","ImageHeight":500,"ImageWidth":389,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"92d93880-697a-445c-aed2-13bc576dd2c3","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Eastern Bank","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/eb-logo-24.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.easternbank.com/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1963-08-04T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1963,"Month":8,"Day":4,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6965,"FactUId":"e8091d9f-829a-42aa-be7f-595a3f2758b5","Slug":"ellison-keith-m-1963","FactType":"Event","Title":"Ellison, Keith M. (1963-   )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/ellison-keith-m-1963","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"On August 4, 1865, the Loyal Creek Council formally declared that African Creeks would be considered full citizens of the Creek Nation.\u00A0 African Creeks soon designated August 4th \u0026ldquo;Emancipation Day\u0026rdquo; and organized celebrations, including picnics, parades and speakers beginning as early as 1867, which continued through the Territorial days and early years of Oklahoma statehood.\u00A0 The celebration fell into disuse as the African Creeks and other Indian freedpeople were increasingly marginalized in the twentieth century.\u00A0 The celebrations have been revived recently as the freedpeople of the various Indian nations struggle for tribal recognition.\u00A0 The action of the Creek Council was nearly a year before the Creek Treaty of 1866 was ratified.\u00A0 Under Article II of that treaty, African Creeks were given full citizenship rights, including \u0026ldquo;rights to the soil\u0026rdquo; and the right to share equally in the division of tribal monies. \u00A0\nThe 1866 Treaty was the culmination of a process that began in the summer of 1861 when Opothleyahola, an Upper Creek leader, declared that any slave who joined his party in opposing the Creek Confederate treaty would be considered free.\u00A0 The Loyal Creeks had also negotiated an earlier treaty with the United States in the summer of 1863 with essentially the same language as the 1866 treaty regarding African Creek rights.\u00A0 The Creeks finally rejected that treaty after the U.S. Senate altered it with unacceptable amendments regarding a proposed land cession.\n      University of Saskatchewan      \nCopyright 2007-2017 - BlackPast.org v3.0 NDCHost - California | blackpast@blackpast.org | Your donations help us to grow. | We welcome your suggestions . |  Mission Statement","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/event_emancipation_day.jpg","ImageHeight":399,"ImageWidth":250,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1865-08-04T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1865,"Month":8,"Day":4,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":7801,"FactUId":"968834a1-a80d-4dcb-90b5-aaf402047daf","Slug":"emancipation-day-august-4th","FactType":"Event","Title":"Emancipation Day (August 4th)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/emancipation-day-august-4th","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Ramona Lofton, better known as Sapphire, is a self-admitted bisexual, novelist, poet, and performance artist. She gained prominence for her 1996 debut novel, Push, and other works that focus on the alarming realities of inner city life. \nLofton was born on August 4, 1950 in Fort Ord, California, the second oldest of four children born to military parents. Her father was an army sergeant and her mother was a soldier in the Womens Army Corps. Throughout her childhood, her family maintained a middle-class fa\u00E7ade while hiding incest and alcoholism.\nWhen Lofton was thirteen, her father retired from the Army and moved the family to Los Angeles. Her mother, who was battling alcoholism, did not join them and instead abandoned the family. Years later they reconnected, but her mother succumbed to alcoholism in 1986.\u00A0 That same year Lofton\u2019s homeless brother was murdered in a Los Angeles park. Their deaths later played pivotal roles in Loftons emerging writing career.\nLofton dropped out of high school and moved to San Francisco in the early 1970s, briefly studying chemistry and dance at the City College of San Francisco, before adopting what she described as a hippie lifestyle.\u00A0 She moved to New York City in 1977, where she supported herself by working as a housekeeper and as a topless dancer.\nLofton returned to school at the City College of New York, majored in modern dance and graduated with honors in 1993; she obtained a master degree in fine arts in 1995 from Brooklyn College.\nIn the 1980s, Lofton adopted the stage name Sapphire and immersed herself in the Slam Poetry movement emerging in New York City.\u00A0 She also became a member of the United Lesbians of Color for Change, Inc., a nonprofit organization in New York.\nSapphires writing career began with her self-published collection of poems, Meditations on the Rainbow in 1987, followed by American Dreams, a compilation of poetry and prose in 1994.\u00A0 The second volume garnered the attention by the literary public and earned her a MacArthur Scholarship in Poetry and","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/ramona_loftis__public_domain_.jpg","ImageHeight":240,"ImageWidth":320,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1950-08-04T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1950,"Month":8,"Day":4,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":8312,"FactUId":"1220fe3d-ddf6-4425-8eeb-d41499cd4f3a","Slug":"lofton-ramona-sapphire-1950","FactType":"Event","Title":"Lofton, Ramona [\u0022Sapphire\u0022] (1950-    )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/lofton-ramona-sapphire-1950","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Robert Beck (born Robert Lee Maupin or Robert Moppins, Jr.;[1] August 4, 1918 \u2013 April 28, 1992), better known as Iceberg Slim, was an American pimp who subsequently became an influential author among a primarily African-American readership. Becks novels were adapted into movies, and the imagery and tone of Becks fiction have been acknowledged as an influence by several rap musicians, including Ice T and Ice Cube, whose names are homages to Beck.\nRobert Maupin, an African-American, was born in Chicago, Illinois. He spent his childhood in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Rockford, Illinois, until he returned to Chicago. When his mother was abandoned by his father, she established a beauty shop and worked as a domestic[clarification needed] to support both of them in Milwaukee.[2] In his autobiography, Maupin expressed gratitude to his mother for not abandoning him, as well. She earned enough money working in her salon to give her son the privileges of a middle-class life such as a college education, which at that time was difficult for the average person.[3] \nSlim attended Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama (it has been stated that he attended Tuskegee University at the same time as black author Ralph Ellison [4]), but having spent time in the street culture, he soon began bootlegging and was expelled as a result. After his expulsion, his mother encouraged him to become a criminal lawyer so that he could make a legitimate living while continuing to work with the street people he was so fond of, but Maupin, seeing the pimps bringing women into his mothers beauty salon, was far more attracted to the model of money and control over women that pimping provided.[4] \nAccording to his memoir, Pimp, Slim started pimping at 18 and continued that pursuit until age 42. The book claimed that during his career, he had over 400 women, both black and white, working for him. He said he was known for his frosty temperament, and at 62 and 180\u00A0lbs, he was indeed slim, and he had a reputation for staying calm in sticky","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1918-08-04T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1918,"Month":8,"Day":4,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":9290,"FactUId":"2c000393-d717-474a-a265-26686c3248d5","Slug":"iceberg-slim","FactType":"Event","Title":"Iceberg Slim","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/iceberg-slim","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"}],"Uri":"https://widgets.blackfacts.com/widgets/51eaaa67-9484-41df-96ca-923a28251387/today?callback=bfCallback1754289945272","SiteRoot":"https://blackfacts.com","ApiUsage":0,"Cached":true,"StartTime":"2025-08-04T01:29:15.7417Z","Elapsed":"00:00:00.1962465"})