bfCallback1758721039410({"Request":{"VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","IsToday":true,"SearchType":"today","SearchResultType":"event"},"Results":[{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Soldiers of 101st Airborne Division escorted nine Black students to Central High school.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1957-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1957,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2430,"FactUId":"e2c7f742-ca5d-4091-a7ad-b18625d085c2","Slug":"black-students-escorted-to-school","FactType":"Event","Title":"Black Students Escorted To School","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/black-students-escorted-to-school","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"The Little Rock Crisis erupted in September 1957 when Arkansas Governor Orval M. Faubus used state National Guard troops to prevent nine African American students from attending the then all-white Central High School.\u00A0 On September 20, Federal Judge Ronald Davis ordered Governor Faubus to remove the troops and allow the integration of the school.\u00A0 When he defied the court order, President Dwight Eisenhower dispatched nearly 1,000 paratroopers and federalized the 10,000 man Arkansas National Guard to insure the school would be open to the nine students.\u00A0 On September 24, 1957, President Eisenhower addressed the nation to explain his actions.\u00A0 That address appears below.\nGood Evening, My Fellow Citizens: For a few minutes this evening I want to speak to you about the serious situation that has arisen in Little Rock. To make this talk I have come to the President\u2019s office in the White House. I could have spoken from Rhode Island, where I have been staying recently, but I felt that, in speaking from the house of Lincoln, of Jackson and of Wilson, my words would better convey both the sadness I feel in the action I was compelled today to take and the firmness with which I intend to pursue this course until the orders of the Federal Court at Little Rock can be executed without unlawful interference.\u00A0 \nIn that city, under the leadership of demagogic extremists, disorderly mobs have deliberately prevented the carrying out of proper orders from a Federal Court. Local authorit\nThis morning the mob again gathered in front of the Central High School of Little Rock, obviously for the purpose of again preventing the carrying out of the Court\u2019s order relating to the admission of Negro children to that school. \nWhenever normal agencies prove inadequate to the task and it becomes necessary for the Executive Branch of the Federal Government to use its powers and authority to uphold Federal Courts, the President\u2019s responsibility is inescapable. In accordance with that responsibility, I have today issued an Executive Order","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/dwight_eisehower.jpg","ImageHeight":277,"ImageWidth":350,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1957-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1957,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4473,"FactUId":"1ea45a1f-bc43-43bc-95e6-2f092565dd27","Slug":"1957-dwight-eisenhower-address-on-little-rock","FactType":"Event","Title":"(1957) Dwight Eisenhower, \u201CAddress on Little Rock\u0022","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/1957-dwight-eisenhower-address-on-little-rock","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Saint Paul\u2019s College of Virginia is a private college located in Lawrenceville, Virginia.\u00A0 The college was founded on September 24, 1888, by James Solomon Russell, a newly-ordained deacon in the Protestant Episcopal Church. He became the first principal of the institution, which in 1890 was incorporated as the Saint Paul\u2019s Normal and Industrial School by the Virginia Assembly.\u00A0 On the first day of class in 1888, the school had fewer than a dozen students in attendance.\u00A0 Russell remained principal of Saint Paul\u2019s Normal until his retirement forty years later in 1928.\nRussell argued that a school was needed to train African American teachers in Virginia and across the South.\u00A0 Although a number of other black colleges had been founded with the same mission, Russell believed that more institutions were needed to carry on this work and that the Episcopal Church should support this endeavor. \u00A0\nDespite the early desire to train teachers, Saint Pauls earliest students were in enrolled in what was essentially a vocational high school that taught basic skills and trades.\u00A0 A collegiate department of teacher training was finally established in 1922 and accredited by the Virginia State Board of Education in 1926. From that point Saint Paul\u2019s Normal and Industrial School trained teachers for the segregated schools of Virginia as well as the neighboring states of Maryland and North Carolina. \u00A0\nIn 1941 the institution adopted a new name, St. Pauls Polytechnic Institute, when the state granted it the authority to offer a four-year program.\u00A0 The first bachelors degrees were awarded in 1944.\u00A0 By 1957 the institution adopted its present name, Saint Pauls College of Virginia, to reflect its liberal arts and teacher education curricula. \u00A0\nSaint Paul\u2019s is a predominately African American college but it is now open to all races. As of September 2009 it had an enrollment of 681 students.\u00A0 St. Pauls College offers degrees in liberal arts, social sciences, education, business, mathematics and natural sciences.\u00A0 It also maintains the","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/bricklaying_class__st__paul_s_college__1958.jpg","ImageHeight":221,"ImageWidth":400,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1888-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1888,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4574,"FactUId":"3796ed67-8ef0-42d1-97b3-eed0019f12c2","Slug":"saint-paul-s-college-of-virginia-1888","FactType":"Event","Title":"Saint Paul\u2019s College of Virginia (1888--  )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/saint-paul-s-college-of-virginia-1888","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Few people connect Washington Territory with slavery.\u00A0 However one incident in 1860 was a reminder that the peculiar institution reached the pre-Civil War Pacific Northwest.\u00A0 In the account below, historian Lorraine McConaghy describes the saga of Charles Mitchell whose attempted escape from slavery in a vessel sailing between Olympia, Washington Territory and Victoria, British Colombia, touched off an incident that had international repercussions.\nIn 1847, Charles Mitchell was born at Marengo Plantation on Chesapeake Bay in Talbot County, Maryland. His father was a white oyster fisherman named Charles Mitchell; his mother was a young black house slave whose name is unknown to us.\u00A0 We do not know anything about the relationship between Charles Mitchell senior and the house slave, but it may have been consensual or even loving since the boy was named for his father. In any case, slavery ran through the female line, and so Charles Mitchell was born a slave, despite his father\u2019s freedom. \u00A0\nSlaves had been born, toiled, and died at Marengo Plantation for more than 150 years. Marengo had been named by the grandson of the plantation\u2019s founder, Jacob Gibson, in admiration for a victory of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Gibson family presided over Marengo, and the plantation\u2019s fields grew tobacco profitably until the soil was depleted. The land was then switched to wheat. In about 1800, there were three dozen slaves on Marengo Plantation; in the 1850 slave census, there were thirteen.\u00A0 Charles Mitchell\u2019s mother was one of them, the personal servant of Mistress Rebecca Gibson; the two women had grown up together.\nIt is likely that the young black woman\u2019s sister, parents, and grandparents, along with Charles, were all living as a family within the slave quarters.\u00A0 During the great cholera epidemic of 1850, Charles\u2019 mother fell ill and died. According to Gibson family tradition, Rebecca Gibson asked the dying woman what she could do for her. \u0026ldquo;Take care of my Charlie,\u0026rdquo; was her reply, and Rebecca answered, \u0026ldquo;I will.\u0026rdquo; \u00A0\nThe Gibson","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/charles_mitchell.jpg","ImageHeight":245,"ImageWidth":350,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1860-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1860,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":5423,"FactUId":"7d42ec03-255e-4426-b17d-01316050a026","Slug":"charles-mitchell-slavery-and-washington-territory-in-1860","FactType":"Event","Title":"Charles Mitchell, Slavery, and Washington Territory in 1860","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/charles-mitchell-slavery-and-washington-territory-in-1860","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Lawrence Winters was born Lawrence Whisonant on November 12, 1915, in Kings Creek, South Carolina, one of three sons of Eliza Whisonant (n\u00E9e Smith) and Marion Frank Whisonant, a farmer. He took private voice lessons before entering Howard University where he was coached by the distinguished African American baritone Todd Duncan, and graduated with a degree in music in 1941. Winters was Duncan\u2019s understudy for the role of Porgy in the 1942 Broadway revival of George Gershwin\u2019s Porgy and Bess. During the turbulent years of World War II, he was an Army sergeant serving stateside at Fort Huachuca where his bass-baritone voice was put to good use on ceremonial occasions. In January 1943, he sang at President Franklin D. Roosevelt\u2019s birthday ball and in June of that year married Aida B. Alston in New York City. \nNew opportunities opened in the post-World War II era. Winters\u2019s first big break occurred in 1946 when he starred in the Broadway musical Call Me Mister which garnered him national acclaim. His inaugural recital at New York\u2019s Town Hall in 1947 was eclipsed by his performances as the first black singer in the New York City Opera (NYCO) starting with Aida in 1948, followed by roles in, among others, William Grant Still\u2019s Troubled Land, Offenbach\u2019s The Tales of Hoffman, Bizet\u2019s Carmen, Menotti\u2019s Amahl and the Night Visitors, Mozart\u2019s The Marriage of Figaro, and Puccini\u2019s La boh\u00E8me. In between NYCO engagements, he concertized in the West Indies, Central America, Brazil, and Europe where he launched his international tours in Berlin in 1949 and joined the Royal Swedish Opera in 1950. One reporter recalled: \u0026ldquo;Winters was a tall, handsome man who strode impressively across the operatic and Broadway stages\u2026. (He) received widespread acclaim from music critics and thunderous ovations from his audiences.\u0026rdquo; A Swiss critic observed: \u0026ldquo;To a German-speaking singer, who struggles with difficulties of declamation and other imperfections, one could not recommend a better model than this Negro baritone, who feels so much at home","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/lawrence_winters_1.png","ImageHeight":360,"ImageWidth":300,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1965-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1965,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6306,"FactUId":"c5a63426-a3e0-4776-b84f-9e48a57401f2","Slug":"winters-lawrence-1915-1965","FactType":"Event","Title":"Winters, Lawrence (1915\u20131965)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/winters-lawrence-1915-1965","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"William Henry Ellis, an African American businessman who challenged racial constructs in the United States by \u0026ldquo;passing\u0026rdquo; as Hispanic, was born a slave to Charles and Margaret Ellis on June 15, 1864. His parents had been brought by Joseph Weisiger from Kentucky to Texas in 1853. In 1870 the Ellis parents had gained their freedom and relocated to Victoria, Texas, where they established a home for themselves and their seven children.\nIn his youth, William Henry Ellis attended school in Victoria with his sister, Fannie, while his other siblings held full-time jobs as laborers or servants. Sometime during his teenage years, Ellis learned to speak fluent Spanish.\nDuring his early twenties, Ellis was employed by William McNamara, a cotton and hide dealer, and constantly conducted business with Spanish-speaking businessmen. Eventually, Ellis made a name for himself in the trade. Around 1887, Ellis settled permanently in San Antonio, Texas, and began calling himself \u0026ldquo;Guillermo Enrique Eliseo,\u0026rdquo; spreading a fabricated story of his Cuban and Mexican ancestry in newspapers and social circles to conceal his real racial identity, thus enjoying some of the freedoms other African Americans could not experience at the time. He balanced these two identities for the rest of his life.\nBy the early 1890s, Ellis was swept into Texas politics. In 1888 he gave a speech in support of Norris Wright Cuney that landed Ellis an appointment to the Texas Republican Party\u2019s Committee on Resolutions. By 1892, Ellis was nominated to represent the 83rd District in the Texas Legislature but lost the election to A.G. Kennedy, a white Democrat. Ellis would never seek public office again.\nAs time went on, Ellis began embracing ideas of African American colonization abroad, especially in Mexico. He was once quoted as saying, \u0026ldquo;Mexico has no race prejudice from a social standpoint.\u0026rdquo; Twice during the 1890s, Ellis attempted to create a colony for blacks in Mexico from the southern United States. Both attempts would fail. The first, started in 1889, fell","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/william_henry_ellis.jpg","ImageHeight":630,"ImageWidth":1000,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"0259fe31-15b2-475e-8f78-c20b48d0442b","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"National Association of Black Accountants (NABA) Boston Metropolitan Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/naba-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.nababoston.org/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1923-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1923,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6390,"FactUId":"2e4772ea-fff1-4cb6-8690-85611a02ca83","Slug":"ellis-william-henry-1864-1923","FactType":"Event","Title":"Ellis, William Henry (1864-1923)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/ellis-william-henry-1864-1923","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Cardiss Robertson Collins was born September 24, 1931 in St.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/collins_cardiss.jpg","ImageHeight":463,"ImageWidth":350,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1931-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1931,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18478,"FactUId":"dae0a3c2-9fc4-4dd2-9768-38ce79982fac","Slug":"collins-cardiss-1931--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Collins, Cardiss (1931-   ) - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/collins-cardiss-1931--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Franklin Frazier , in full Edward Franklin Frazier   (born September 24, 1894, Baltimore, Maryland, U.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/04/704-004-af69b253.jpg","ImageHeight":450,"ImageWidth":355,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1894-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1894,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18656,"FactUId":"f8292284-3ff1-4332-ba7b-dc1aba681bb9","Slug":"e-franklin-frazier--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"E. Franklin Frazier - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/e-franklin-frazier--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"World Heavyweight Champion, Joe Louis, becomes the first Black boxer to draw a million dollar gate,\n 1935","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1935-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1935,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":3434,"FactUId":"cd1296e2-2c7c-4a16-83cd-3b2d42ad29da","Slug":"world-heavyweight-champion-joe-louis-becomes-the-first-black-boxer-to-draw-a","FactType":"Event","Title":"World Heavyweight Champion, Joe Louis,  becomes the first Black boxer to draw a","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/world-heavyweight-champion-joe-louis-becomes-the-first-black-boxer-to-draw-a","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone said the United States intelligence levels are lower than those in Japan because of African Americans, Hispanics and Puerto Ricans. Nakasone later apologized saying his remarks were misinterpreted.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"05f41a69-179a-47bc-8508-7c9d7a53954a","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Museum of African American History in Massachusetts","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/maah-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.maah.org ","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1986-09-24T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1986,"Month":9,"Day":24,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":3666,"FactUId":"99c16c78-5dd5-4ed9-84b2-ce9cee4a1eb4","Slug":"japanese-prime-minister-insults-blacks","FactType":"Event","Title":"Japanese Prime Minister Insults Blacks","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/japanese-prime-minister-insults-blacks","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Frances Ellen Watkins Harper \nWRITER \nBirthplace: Baltimore Maryland \nSeptember 24,1825- February 22,1911 \n\nFrances was born to free black parents who died when she was three years old. At\n age 13, she did domestic work for a family who let her use their library. Soon she\nbegan to write her own poetry and in 1854 her collection of verse and prose, Forest\nLeaves, was published. \n\nWhen she moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to teach in the early 1850s, she joined the fight against\nslavery with her writings. As she became more involved in the anti-slavery movement, she became an\neffective speaker whose sense of humor could draw large audiences. In 1854, she toured Canada and her\nwritings appeared frequently in the Provincial Freeman, an antislavery newspaper. In 1859, she became\nthe first Black American to publish a short story, The Two Officers. 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