bfCallback1759373093055({"Request":{"VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","IsToday":true,"SearchType":"today","SearchResultType":"event"},"Results":[{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"A African American Designs The Cotton Bag Fort: When Andrew Jackson assembled his force at New Orleans, his soldiers, many of whom were African American slaves, were outnumbered by the British forces ten to one. Faced with this disadvantage, Jackson consulted with men as to what was the best defense. According to, The Narrative of James Roberts, there was in Jacksons army an African American soldier named Pompey, who gave Jackson the first idea about the cotton bag fort, and superintended the construction of it. We engaged in making it, and it was completed in the latter part of the second day. The cotton bags were so placed as to leave port holes for three muskets to point through each. It would be from behind that makeshift cotton bag fort that Jacksons outnumbered forces would mow down the onrushing British soldiers like grass before the scythe, and achieve the initial destruction of the center of the British army.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"06dc953b-5d0f-47e0-a5ae-9e69f8b070aa","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Intellitech","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/ice-mobile-350x350-53.png","SponsorUrl":"http://intellitech.net","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2002-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2002,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":1391,"FactUId":"195c1a11-e3fb-49ee-9c73-2799250c8c79","Slug":"the-cotton-bag-fort","FactType":"Event","Title":"The Cotton Bag Fort","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/the-cotton-bag-fort","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"J. Gary Cooper, military, government, and business leader, was appointed United States Ambassador to Jamaica by President Bill Clinton in 1994. He was the first African American to occupy the position. Prior to his appointment, he had a distinguished military career.\nJerome Gary Cooper was born on October 2, 1936 in\u00A0Lafayette, Louisiana to a devout Catholic family, but grew up in segregated Mobile, Alabama and attended McGill-Toolen Catholic High School.\u00A0 Based on a recommendation from Archbishop Fulton Sheen of New York, he won an academic scholarship to the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Finance in 1958.\u00A0 He continued his education 21 years later, enrolling in Harvard University\u2019s SMG (Senior Management Graduate) program in 1979. In 2003, he attended the Directors Education Institute at Duke Universitys Fuqua School of Business. Alabamas Troy University awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Law in 1990.\nImmediately after graduating from Notre Dame, Cooper joined the\u00A0United States Marine Corps. From 1958 to 1970 he was an active duty officer and became the first African American officer in Marine Corps history to lead an infantry company into combat.\u00A0 Over his career he earned the Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, two Purple Hearts, and the Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross. He left the Marine Corps in 1970 at the rank of major.\nIn 1970, Cooper became the CEO of his familys insurance company and funeral home in Mobile and in 1973 he was elected to the Alabama Legislature.\u00A0 Three years later (1976) he helped found Commonwealth National Bank, the first black owned bank to serve Southern Alabama.\u00A0 In 1978 Alabama Governor George Wallace appointed Cooper Commissioner of the Alabama State Department of Human Resources, where he managed a staff of over 4,000 and the state\u2019s largest agency budget. In 1981 he joined\u00A0David Volkert and Associates, an engineering and architectural firm in Mobile, Alabama, as vice president","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/ambassador_jerome_gary_cooper.jpg","ImageHeight":217,"ImageWidth":325,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"d9e17e24-cd53-4d57-be36-9d2660786c68","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE) Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/shpe-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"http://shpeboston.org/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1936-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1936,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4838,"FactUId":"bc4480c9-b571-4e8d-992b-a2a5fdb84dc0","Slug":"cooper-j-gary-1936","FactType":"Event","Title":"Cooper, J. Gary (1936\u2013   )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/cooper-j-gary-1936","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., was the first African American selected to be an astronaut.\u00A0 He was also a test pilot and senior United States Air Force pilot with over 2,500 flight hours.\nBorn in Chicago, Illinois on October 2, 1935, Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. graduated from Englewood High School in Chicago in the top 10 percent of his class. In 1956 he graduated from Bradley University with a B.A. in Chemistry. While in college he enlisted in the Reserve Officers\u2019 Training Corps (ROTC) and distinguished himself, receiving the commission of Second Lieutenant in the Air Force Reserve Program. \nIn 1956 Lawrence completed flight training at Malden Air Force Base and was designated a U.S. Air Force pilot. Over the next decade Lawrence accrued over 2,500 hours of flight time with 2,000 of those hours in jets. By age 25, Lawrence had completed an Air Force assignment as an instructor pilot for German Air Force trainees. \nThe Air Force later assigned Lawrence to flight test the recently developed Lockheed F-104 Starfighter. Lawrence investigated glide flight characteristics necessary for the design of unpowered spacecraft returning to Earth from orbit. NASA cited Lawrence for his accomplishments including the crucial flight maneuver data that in the agencys words, contributed greatly to the development of the Space Shuttle.\u00A0 While still in the Air Force, Lawrence earned a Ph.D. in Chemistry from Ohio State University in 1965.\nIn June of 1967 Lawrence was selected as an astronaut in the Manned Orbital Laboratory, making him the first African American astronaut selected for space travel.\u00A0 The Manned Orbital Laboratory Program was a precursor to the Shuttle Program.\nJust six months later, in December of 1967, Lawrence was the backseat passenger flying as in instructor to a student pilot learning the steep descent glide technique. The pilot flying the F-104 made an approach to land but flared too late, causing the jet to crash. The pilot of the plane ejected successfully, however, by the time Lawrence ejected the plane","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/robert_lawrence.jpg","ImageHeight":350,"ImageWidth":269,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"13790190-e894-478f-8414-793c9981f511","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"National Black MBA Association (NBMBAA) Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/nmmba-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://nbmbaa.org/nbmbaa-boston-chapter/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1935-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1935,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":5026,"FactUId":"4ce24c83-d7c8-4aab-906f-b43928b8f6b6","Slug":"robert-henry-lawrence-jr-1935-1967","FactType":"Event","Title":"Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. (1935-1967)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/robert-henry-lawrence-jr-1935-1967","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Avery Brooks is an American entertainer who is involved in acting, singing and film direction. He was born in Evansville, Indiana on October 2, 1948 to Eva Lydia and Samuel Brooks. His mother was a music conductor and instructor and his father was a machine operator. He belonged to a musical family, as his maternal grandfather, Samuel Travis Crawford, had also been a singer and his mother was one of the first African American women to earn a Masters degree in music from Northwestern University. His father was in a choir and also performed on the radio. His uncle Samuel Travis Crawford was also a member of a band named the Delta Rhythm Boys. Brooks studied at Indiana University and Oberlin College. In 1976, he received an M.F.A. in acting and directing from Rutgers University, making him the first Rutgers\u2019 African American M.F.A. graduate in this field.\nHis first venture into acting was in 1985 for the ABC television series \u0026ldquo;Spenser: For Hire\u0026rdquo;. It was a detective series in which he played the role of Hawk. The character was so popular that Avery Brooks received his own spinoff show called \u0026ldquo;A Man Called Hawk\u0026rdquo;. He also acted in four television movies where he reprised his role as Hawk, called \u0026ldquo;Spenser: Ceremony\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Spenser: Pale Kings and Princes\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Spenser: The Judas Goat\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Spenser: A Savage Place\u0026rdquo;. His most popular role was that of Captain Benjamin Sisko in the television series \u0026ldquo;Star Trek: Deep Space Nine\u0026rdquo;. He played this role for seven seasons from 1993 to 1999. Brooks was selected from amongst a hundred other actors auditioning for the same role to become the first African American actor to play a lead role in a Star Trek series. He also directed 9 episodes of the Star Trek, including one on racial injustice. He saw his role as a good platform to project a positive image about African Americans and be a good role model for youngsters.\nIn 1984, he was cast as Solomon Northup in a television film called \u0026ldquo;Half Slave, Half Free: Solomon Northup\u2019s Odyssey\u0026rdquo;. It was directed by Gordon Parks and produced by","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.famousafricanamericans.org/images/avery-brooks.jpg","ImageHeight":327,"ImageWidth":580,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1948-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1948,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":8088,"FactUId":"4904509b-8f00-4f06-a95f-ca92fe85568e","Slug":"avery-brooks","FactType":"Event","Title":"Avery Brooks","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/avery-brooks","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"August Wilson , original name Frederick August Kittel  (born April 27, 1945, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.\u2014died October 2, 2005, Seattle, Washington), American playwright, author of a cycle of plays, each set in a different decade of the 20th century, about black American life. He won Pulitzer Prizes for two of them:  Fences and  The Piano Lesson.\nWilson grew up in the Hill District of Pittsburgh, a lively poor neighbourhood that became the setting for most of his plays. Together with five siblings, he was raised by his mother, Daisy Wilson, after his father, Frederick August Kittel, left her and their children. Daisy Wilson later remarried, and in 1958 the family moved to a suburb of Pittsburgh.\nThe complexity of Wilson\u2019s experience of race while growing up would be expressed in his plays. His mother was black, his father white, and his stepfather, David Bedford, black. The Hill District was mostly black, and the suburb, Hazelwood, was predominately white. Wilson and his family were the target of racial threats in Hazelwood, and he quit school at age 15 after being accused of having plagiarized a paper. He turned to self-education, reading intensively in a public library and returning to the Hill District to learn from residents there. He changed his last name from Kittel to Wilson, and in the late 1960s he embraced the Black Arts movement. In 1968 he became the cofounder and director of Black Horizons Theatre in Pittsburgh. He also published poetry in such journals as Black World (1971) and Black Lines (1972).\nIn 1978 Wilson moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, and in the early 1980s he wrote several plays, including Jitney, which was first produced in 1982. Focused on cab drivers in the 1970s, it underwent subsequent revisions as part of his historical cycle; it was published in 2000. His first major play,  Ma Rainey\u2019s Black Bottom, opened on Broadway in 1984 and was a critical and financial success. Set in Chicago in 1927, the play centres on a verbally abusive blues singer, her fellow black musicians, and their","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/73/91673-004-cded8b48.jpg","ImageHeight":450,"ImageWidth":518,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","SponsorId":"e42d645b-ba17-4d13-bfc2-d2671a5dbf45","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"NSBE Boston","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/nsbe-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.nsbeboston.org/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2005-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2005,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":9667,"FactUId":"f518af34-b159-4140-98e1-949425bc649f","Slug":"august-wilson-0","FactType":"Event","Title":"August Wilson","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/august-wilson-0","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"He was born on October 2, 1937 in Shreveport, Louisiana.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.famousafricanamericans.org/images/johnnie-cochran.jpg","ImageHeight":322,"ImageWidth":600,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","SponsorId":"9e027dc1-0367-446b-87cb-8aff0ebac676","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Concerned Black Men of Massachusetts","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/cbmm-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cbmm.net","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1937-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1937,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18176,"FactUId":"2a727d4b-d22f-4c7d-8dd2-6bb62316558c","Slug":"johnnie-cochran--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Johnnie Cochran - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/johnnie-cochran--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Nathaniel Dett died in Battle Creek, Michigan on October 2, 1943 while on tour with a USO Women\u2019s Army Corps chorus.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.net/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/robert_nathaniel_dett.jpg","ImageHeight":350,"ImageWidth":243,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1943-10-02T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1943,"Month":10,"Day":2,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18732,"FactUId":"79bd4492-7d88-4bfd-a955-c886b22d0b90","Slug":"dett-r-nathaniel-1882-1943--death","FactType":"Event","Title":"Dett, R. 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This lecture is entitled Shirley Graham: Transformation of an Artist/Intellectual.  Recorded October 2, 2007 at Stanford University.\nThis course introduces the viewer to African-American history, with particular emphasis on the political thought and protest movements of the period after 1930, focusing on selected individuals who have shaped and been shaped by modern African-American struggles for freedom and justice.  Clayborne Carson is a professor in the History Department at Stanford University.\nComplete playlist for the course:\nhttp://www.youtube.com/view_play_list... \nCourse syllabus:\nhttp://www.stanford.edu/~ccarson/Hist... \nMore on Clayborne Carson:\nhttp://www.stanford.edu/~ccarson/ \nStanford University channel on YouTube:\nhttp://www.youtube.com/stanford\n          Elaine Brown: New Age Racism         - Duration: 1:56:27.    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