bfCallback1743386737304({"Request":{"VirtualSiteSlug":"blackfacts","IsToday":true,"SearchType":"today","SearchResultType":"event"},"Results":[{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Death of Charles R. Drew (45), surgeon and developer of the blood bank concept, after an automobile accident near Burlington, North Carolina.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","SponsorId":"db639b42-2581-4fb8-aa10-144471738a50","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Association of Latino Professionals For America (ALPFA) Boston Professional Chapter","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/alpfa-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.alpfa.org/page/boston","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1950-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1950,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":3315,"FactUId":"21772733-06ab-4129-bcdb-56773ba36b0c","Slug":"death-of-charles-r-drew","FactType":"Event","Title":"Death of Charles R. Drew","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/death-of-charles-r-drew","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Through the 24th, First world festival of Black art held in Dakar, Senegal. One of the largest delegations came from Black America.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2019/11/18fa3625-1654-4fcc-aa15-fe28e6aacd601.png","ImageHeight":748,"ImageWidth":1000,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1966-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1966,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":528,"FactUId":"741ff8bd-f63d-4784-b9a2-17d46973a866","Slug":"world-festival-of-black-art","FactType":"Event","Title":"World Festival of Black Art","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/world-festival-of-black-art","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Jimmy Cliff , original name James Chambers  (born April 1, 1948, Somerton, Jamaica), Jamaican singer and songwriter who was instrumental in introducing reggae to an international audience, largely through his performance in the landmark film  The Harder They Come (1972).\nJust into his teens, Cliff began recording soon after moving from the countryside to Kingston, making several singles before topping the Jamaican charts with his own composition, \u0026ldquo;Hurricane Hattie,\u0026rdquo; one of his earliest efforts for Leslie Kong\u2019s Beverly Records. He had several more hits that combined pop and ska influences. After relocating to London in 1965 at the behest of Chris Blackwell of Island Records, Cliff broadened his musical approach to incorporate soul and rhythm and blues as he moved in the direction of reggae. By the late 1960s he was a favourite in South America (having won a prize at a festival in Brazil with his song \u0026ldquo;Waterfall\u0026rdquo;), and his album Wonderful World, Beautiful People (1970) was an international hit as well as the record that prompted  Paul Simon to investigate reggae. As the star of The Harder They Come\u2014he contributed to its sound track the classics \u0026ldquo;Many Rivers to Cross,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Sitting in Limbo,\u0026rdquo; and the title song\u2014Cliff became reggae\u2019s biggest star.\nAlthough his success in Jamaica, Britain, and the United States was soon eclipsed by that of Bob Marley, Cliff remained extremely popular in Africa and South America, and his 1993 cover of Johnny Nash\u2019s pop-reggae hit \u0026ldquo;I Can See Clearly Now\u0026rdquo; helped renew his broader popularity. His other recordings include the Grammy Award-winning albums Cliff Hanger (1985) and Rebirth (2012). Cliff was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/77/23577-004-2af2018a.jpg","ImageHeight":300,"ImageWidth":386,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1948-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1948,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":10448,"FactUId":"81f17cdb-beed-488e-b35e-cee5d8c098d6","Slug":"jimmy-cliff","FactType":"Event","Title":"Jimmy Cliff","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/jimmy-cliff","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Wangari Maathai , in full Wangari Muta Maathai  (born April 1, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya\u2014died September 25, 2011, Nairobi), Kenyan politician and environmental activist who was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for Peace, becoming the first black African woman to win a Nobel Prize.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/68/154768-004-0761e1d6.jpg","ImageHeight":450,"ImageWidth":304,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1940-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1940,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18647,"FactUId":"4c549257-fae4-415f-b9aa-e3e38f3252da","Slug":"wangari-maathai--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Wangari Maathai - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/wangari-maathai--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"He died April 1, 1984, one day before his 45th birthday, after being shot by his father.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/fthmb.tqn.com/lyydujspuimzwn4ljxbalon1bw4-/2272x3356/filters-fill-auto-1-/about/marvin-gaye1983-58b8b44a3df78c353cfb3040.jpg","ImageHeight":2216,"ImageWidth":1500,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"6982ddb9-33e1-469e-8344-2e6290cc3f69","SourceName":"ThoughtCo","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-history-4133344","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1984-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1984,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18824,"FactUId":"dd8d2cc4-980f-4489-8325-674ade997b34","Slug":"20-reasons-why-marvin-gaye-remains-an-icon--death","FactType":"Event","Title":"20 Reasons Why Marvin Gaye Remains An Icon - Death","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/20-reasons-why-marvin-gaye-remains-an-icon--death","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Jeremiah Haralson was born near Columbus, Georgia on April 1, 1846.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/haralson_jeremiah.jpg","ImageHeight":442,"ImageWidth":350,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"999065ff-039b-49bc-909d-0c5dbe2e80ae","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Greater Boston Veterans Collaborative","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/GBVC-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"http://www.collaborate.vet/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1846-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1846,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":18468,"FactUId":"79978403-b5a3-4baa-80e7-561ba76e0c91","Slug":"haralson-jeremiah-1846-1916--birthday","FactType":"Event","Title":"Haralson, Jeremiah (1846\u20131916) - Birthday","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/haralson-jeremiah-1846-1916--birthday","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Scott Joplin, the King of Ragtime, was born on this day in 1868 in Texarkana, Texas. A skilled pianist and composer, Joplin started a 20-year ragtime craze with the release of his composition Maple Leaf Rag in 1897, during the Gay Nineties. Ragtime-scored piano music-at the time was considered Negro tavern and brothel music. Its tinny sound was the source of the name Tin Pan Alley, the center of ragtime in New York City. The lack of recognition of ragtime as a serious African-American musical art form plagued Joplin throughout his life. He died in an asylum in New York City on April 1, 1917, at the age of 49.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2019/11/04deb5da-80e3-420c-b62c-c3d03a4cd4951.png","ImageHeight":920,"ImageWidth":606,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1917-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1917,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":396,"FactUId":"a51c989e-5fed-40c4-8a42-ce737407ee18","Slug":"scott-joplin-the-king-of-ragtime-was-born-on-this-day-in-1868-in-texarkana-te","FactType":"Event","Title":"Scott Joplin, the King of Ragtime, was born on this day in 1868 in Texarkana, Te","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/scott-joplin-the-king-of-ragtime-was-born-on-this-day-in-1868-in-texarkana-te","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Oscar Micheaux, film producer, dies","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/2019/11/46d2ef6a-ba55-456d-909d-e2b46837025f1.png","ImageHeight":1119,"ImageWidth":713,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1951-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1951,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":421,"FactUId":"5341d6bd-e328-4684-be34-d550dd03e76b","Slug":"oscar-micheaux-film-producer-dies","FactType":"Event","Title":"Oscar Micheaux, film producer, dies","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/oscar-micheaux-film-producer-dies","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Morehouse College, Spelman College and Atlanta University affiliated, creating a new Atlanta University. John Hope of Morehouse College, was named president.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1929-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1929,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":1451,"FactUId":"f8486d9c-d9a0-4349-b153-52ce96a6c4f9","Slug":"atlanta-university","FactType":"Event","Title":"Atlanta University","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/atlanta-university","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Scott Joplin dies in New York City. Joplin was one of the early developers of ragtime and the author of Maple Leaf Rag. He also created several rag-time and grand operas, the most noteworthy was Treemonisha.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1917-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1917,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":1600,"FactUId":"16d41654-a000-4de2-9805-0feaceda5c99","Slug":"scott-joplin-dies","FactType":"Event","Title":"Scott Joplin dies","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/scott-joplin-dies","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Marvin Gaye dies in his parents Los Angeles home. Marvin attacked his father for verbally abusing his mother. His father responded by shooting his son to death. Since his death, the power and reach of Marvin\u2019s music has increased.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1984-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1984,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2371,"FactUId":"0f9f6ce2-aaf6-43f5-b70d-db9af59154a2","Slug":"marvin-gaye-dies","FactType":"Event","Title":"Marvin Gaye dies","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/marvin-gaye-dies","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Birthday of Clara McBride Hale in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hale founded Hale House, a home for infant children of drug addicts located in Harlem, NY.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1905-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1905,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2710,"FactUId":"5d5d6c86-eff6-4500-a543-f31b9acf2bed","Slug":"clara-hale-founder-of-the-hale-house-born","FactType":"Event","Title":"Clara Hale, founder of the Hale House, born","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/clara-hale-founder-of-the-hale-house-born","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Hampton University was established in 1868 as a school for blacks. Hampton University was known prior to August 1984 as Hampton Institute. The university is a private coeducational institution in Hampton, Virginia. Its undergraduate college is still known as Hampton Institute.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1868-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1868,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":2820,"FactUId":"85322541-9461-4fc6-b1cb-3778346195ca","Slug":"hampton-institute","FactType":"Event","Title":"Hampton Institute","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/hampton-institute","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Zawditu, the first reigning female monarch of Ethiopia, dies.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1930-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1930,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":3159,"FactUId":"5dd27ede-a2d8-48ae-89f7-b2a18aa6b0e4","Slug":"female-monarch-of-ethiopia","FactType":"Event","Title":"Female Monarch of Ethiopia","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/female-monarch-of-ethiopia","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Blacks voted in municipal election in Tuscumbia, Alabama. Military officials set aside the election pending clarification on electoral procedures.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","SourceName":"Blackfacts.com","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://blackfacts.com","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"1867-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1867,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":3693,"FactUId":"11a65674-91ad-4ecb-b95e-d22b42191b56","Slug":"blacks-voted-in-municipal-election-in-tuscumbia","FactType":"Event","Title":"Blacks voted in municipal election in Tuscumbia,","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/blacks-voted-in-municipal-election-in-tuscumbia","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Samuel R. Delany, Jr., \u0026ldquo;Chip,\u0026rdquo; is an award-winning African American gaywriter, editor, professor, and literary critic. He is the first major AfricanAmerican science fiction writer as well as one of the most influential writersof this genre in the United States. \u00A0Hetransformed the field in the 1960s and 1970s with daring and visionary novels. \u00A0He has published over 40 works.\nDelany was born on April 1, 1942 in Manhattan, New York. \u00A0An only child, he grew up in Harlem. \u00A0His father, Samuel Ray Delany, Sr., fromRaleigh, North Carolina, owned the Levy \u0026amp; Delany Funeral Home. \u00A0His mother, Margaret Carey Boyd Delany, was a SeniorClerk at the New York Public Library. \u00A0Theylived above the mortuary. \u00A0His paternalgrandfather was Bishop Henry Beard Delany, the first black Bishop of theEpiscopal Church.\nWhen Samuel was five years old, his mother accompanied him to the Vassar SummerInstitute for the Gifted. \u00A0He wasaccepted to the Dalton School, an elite, primarily white prep school and laterattended the Bronx High School of Science. \u00A0He enrolled in the City College of New Yorkbut did not earn a degree. \u00A0Throughouthis life, he has experienced extreme dyslexia affecting his writing but not hisreading. \u00A0He received intensive tutoringand therapy for this from age eight to 16.\nDelany married poet Marilyn Hacker in 1961. \u00A0She knew about him being gay and they had aopen marriage.\u00A0 The couple had one childin 1974, Iva Hacker-Delany, before divorcing in 1980. \u00A0Throughout his adult life, New York City has remainedDelany\u2019s primary residence despite times of extended travel. \u00A0He met his current, nonexclusive partnerDennis Rickett in 1991. \u00A0Delany beganholding a series of university faculty appointments in the 1980s but has had apermanent post teaching English at Temple University since 2001.\nDelany wrote his first novel when he was 20, The Jewels of Aptor (1962). \u00A0It,and much of his fiction, combines mythology, linguistics, and deconstructedgender politics. \u00A0His writing alsoincludes a frank treatment of sex. \u00A0Heworked on the Wonder","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/samuel_delany_public_domain_1.jpeg","ImageHeight":250,"ImageWidth":210,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"92d93880-697a-445c-aed2-13bc576dd2c3","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Eastern Bank","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/eb-logo-24.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.easternbank.com/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1942-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1942,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":4836,"FactUId":"6c00d5df-02ef-437e-8c97-6e0af3f8aeb8","Slug":"delany-samuel-ray-jr-1942","FactType":"Event","Title":"Delany, Samuel Ray, Jr. (1942-    )","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/delany-samuel-ray-jr-1942","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Elliott Percival Skinner, a leading late 20th Century anthropologist, also served as the United States ambassador to the Republic of Upper Volta (the West African country renamed itself Burkina Faso in 1984).\u00A0 Skinner was born on June 20, 1924 in Port of Spain, Trinidad.\u00A0 During World War II, he immigrated to the United States and in 1944, he enlisted in the United States Army.\u00A0 His combat service in France earned him American citizenship.\nUpon his honorable discharge from the military, Skinner enrolled in New York University in 1947, graduating four years later with a degree in anthropology.\u00A0 In 1952 he earned a master\u2019s degree in the same academic area from Columbia University in New York, New York.\u00A0 In 1955, Skinner earned a doctorate degree in anthropology from Columbia with a dissertation titled: \u0026ldquo;Ethnic Interaction in a British Guiana Rural Community: A Study in Secondary Acculturation and Group Dynamics.\u0026rdquo;\nAfter obtaining his Ph.D. Skinner\u2019s research interest shifted from Latin America to West Africa.\u00A0 From 1955 to 1957 Skinner lived and worked in what is now Burkina Faso. While there, he learned the More language, the most popular language of the Mossi people in the Upper Volta region. In 1959 Skinner accepted a teaching position in the anthropology department at New York University where he researched and taught African ethnology.\u00A0 He earned tenure at that institution in 1963.\u00A0 In 1966, he joined the anthropology department at Columbia University and served there until his retirement in 1994.\u00A0\nSkinner\u2019s career path in academe took a significant detour when in 1966 President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated the 42 year-old scholar as U.S. Ambassador to Upper Volta.\u00A0 At the time he was only the eleventh African American named a U.S. ambassador and the only one who actually conducted academic research in a country before his appointment.\u00A0 Skinner\u2019s first major book, The Mossi of Upper Volta, was published just two years before his appointment.\nAmbassador Skinner returned to the United States in 1969 and resumed","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.blackpast.org/files/ambassador_elliott_skinner.png","ImageHeight":313,"ImageWidth":235,"ImageOrientation":"portrait","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"de2ecbf0-5aa4-45ce-bbf9-9a6ac45f6ac8","SourceName":"Black Past","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.blackpast.org/","SponsorId":"e1937d8b-561e-4826-8d6e-da76009d44da","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Christo Rey New York High School","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/christorey-logo.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://www.cristoreyny.org","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2007-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2007,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":5570,"FactUId":"b3c895f5-a628-4c08-9d65-68bec74835bb","Slug":"skinner-elliot-percival-1924-2007","FactType":"Event","Title":"Skinner, Elliot Percival (1924-2007)","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/skinner-elliot-percival-1924-2007","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Scott Joplin was a 19th century composer and founder of the ragtime genre of music. He was born in Linden, Texas, somewhere between late 1867 to early 1868 and was the youngest of six children born to Giles Joplin (a former slave) and Florence Givens. His family was musically inclined which gave Joplin an inborn love for music; his father played the violin whereas his mother sang and played the banjo. Giles left the family when Joplin was seven years old, which some sources claim was due to a difference of opinion about Joplin\u2019s musical education. His mother encouraged him and let him play the piano while she cleaned, whereas his father felt he should be employed in a more practical field to contribute to the family\u2019s income. Nevertheless, he received immeasurable support from his mother who enrolled local music teachers such as Julius Weiss to further his education.\nWeiss introduced Joplin to different genres of music such as folk and opera. He also helped his mother to acquire a used piano for Joplin\u2019s education. Joplin studied with Weiss until the age of 16, and also taught mandolin and guitar to other students. At the age of 16, Joplin performed in a quartet in Texarkana, and soon gave up his part time employment as a laborer to become a travelling musician, mostly playing at churches and brothels. In 1893, he travelled to Chicago for the World\u2019s Fair. Here, he formed his first band and performed at various places. In 1894, he\u00A0 moved to Sedalia, Missouri where he performed as a solo musician in black clubs such as the Black 400 Club and the Maple Leaf Club. He acquired a talented group of students such as Scott Hayden and Arthur Marshall, with whom he later wrote and performed songs.\nIn Sedalia, he also attended the George R. Smith College of music. In 1896, he published his first pieces, but was forced to share credit with another arranger. For his next publication, he hired a lawyer to ensure that he would get the credit and royalties from his work. This piece was titled \u0026ldquo;The Maple Leaf Rag\u0026rdquo; which went on","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/www.famousafricanamericans.org/images/scott-joplin.jpg","ImageHeight":386,"ImageWidth":580,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"73e45e4e-5e7c-4595-9ff3-d9df1f177307","SourceName":"Black History Resources","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.internet4classrooms.com/black_history.htm","SponsorId":"5f236b35-37aa-4a3e-982c-cce80e380610","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Illinois Math and Science Academy","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/imsa-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"https://www.imsa.edu","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"1917-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":1917,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":6235,"FactUId":"04b803c1-6d5c-40a0-980c-e76fb000ab81","Slug":"scott-joplin","FactType":"Event","Title":"Scott Joplin","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/scott-joplin","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Every decade, following the decennial census, the state legislatures of the United States are told how many representatives their state will send to the United States House of Representatives. Representation in the House is based on state population and there are a total of 435 representatives, so some states may gain representatives while others lose them. It is the responsibility of each state legislature to redistrict their state into the appropriate numbers of congressional districts.\nSince a single party usually controls each state legislature, it is in the best interest of the party in power to redistrict their state so that their party will have more seats in the House than the opposition party. This manipulation of electoral districts is known as gerrymandering. Although illegal, gerrymandering is the process of modifying congressional districts to benefit the party in power.\nThe term gerrymandering is derived from Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814), the governor of Massachusetts from 1810 to 1812. In 1812, Governor Gerry signed a bill into law that redistricted his state to overwhelmingly benefit his party, the Democratic-Republican Party. The opposition party, the Federalists, were quite upset.\nOne of the congressional districts was shaped very strangely and, as the story goes, one Federalist remarked that the district looked like a salamander. No, said another Federalist, its a gerrymander.\n The Boston Weekly Messenger brought the term gerrymander into common usage when it subsequently printed an editorial cartoon that showed the district in question with a monsters head, arms, and tail and named the creature a gerrymander.\nGovernor Gerry went on to become vice president under James Madison from 1813 until his death a year later.\n Gerry was the second vice president to die in office.\nGerrymandering, which had taken place prior to the coinage of the name and continued for many decades thereafter, has been challenged many times in federal courts and has been legislated against. In 1842, the Reapportionment","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageHeight":0,"ImageWidth":0,"ImageOrientation":"none","HasImage":false,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"6982ddb9-33e1-469e-8344-2e6290cc3f69","SourceName":"ThoughtCo","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.thoughtco.com/african-american-history-4133344","IsSponsored":false,"HasSmallSponsorLogo":false,"EffectiveDate":"2011-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2011,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":8844,"FactUId":"a4ae6476-19eb-45f2-bef8-38c2ab46ea08","Slug":"gerrymandering--congressional-districts-on-census-data","FactType":"Event","Title":"Gerrymandering - Congressional Districts on Census Data","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/gerrymandering--congressional-districts-on-census-data","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"May 13, 1950\nApril 1, 2011 (aged 60)\n(William) Manning Marable,  (born May 13, 1950, Dayton, Ohio\u2014died April 1, 2011, New York, N.Y.), American scholar who was a leading figure in scholarly research regarding the African American experience, most notably as an author and as a professor (from 1993) at Columbia University, New York City, founding director (1993\u20132003) of Columbia\u2019s Institute for Research in African-American Studies, and director (from 2002) of Columbia\u2019s Center for Contemporary Black History. His much-anticipated magnum opus, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention, was published posthumously, just three days after Marable\u2019s death. The extensively researched revisionist biography challenged Alex Haley\u2019s definitive classic, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1965), on several points and raised controversial questions about who was responsible for the black nationalist\u2019s murder in 1965. Marable was educated at Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (A.B., 1971), the University of Wisconsin (M.A., 1972), and the University of Maryland (Ph.D., 1976). Before joining the faculty at Columbia, he taught black and other ethnic studies at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (1980\u201382); Fisk University, Nashville (1982\u201383); Colgate University, Hamilton, N.Y. (1983\u201386); Ohio State University (1987\u201389); and the University of Colorado (1989\u201393). Marable\u2019s other significant publications include From the Grassroots: Social and Political Essays Towards Afro-American Liberation (1980), How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America (1983), On Malcolm X: His Message and Meaning (1992), Beyond Black and White (1995), Speaking Truth to Power (1996), The Great Wells of Democracy: The Meaning of Race in American Life (2002), and major biographies of the African American activists W.E.B. Du Bois and Medgar Evers (coedited with Evers\u2019s widow). From 1976 he also wrote a syndicated newspaper column. Marable, who suffered for many years from sarcoidosis, had a double lung transplant in 2010; his unexpected death derailed a planned publicity","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/53/78753-004-905e0af3.jpg","ImageHeight":416,"ImageWidth":550,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","SponsorId":"fa2f9afd-7089-4f75-b6cc-7310752048d0","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Diversity In Action","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/DiversityInAction-Logo-24.jpg","SponsorUrl":"https://diversityinaction.net/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2011-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2011,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":9634,"FactUId":"32c9cd4c-5ae8-4b8b-b1be-07b2135eee5b","Slug":"william-manning-marable","FactType":"Event","Title":"(William) Manning Marable","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/william-manning-marable","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"},{"FadeSummary":false,"SummaryText":"Jacques Rabemananjara ,  (born June 23, 1913, Tananarive, Madagascar\u2014died April 1, 2005, Paris, France), Malagasy politician, playwright, and poet.\nRabemananjara began writing in the early 1940s and published his first volume of verse, Sur les marches du soir (\u0026ldquo;On the Edges of Evening\u0026rdquo;), in 1942. A death sentence imposed on him for his alleged participation in the 1947 revolt in Madagascar embittered him, despite a later reprieve, and the poems of Antidote, written while he was imprisoned in 1947\u201350 and published in 1961, reflect his anger at the injustice imposed on him and his political hopes for the future.\nBy the mid-1960s, when he was Madagascar\u2019s minister of economic affairs, Rabemananjara had published five volumes of verse and several plays, many of them glorifying the history and culture of his country. In his writing he defended and proclaimed the values of African culture, particularly its closeness to nature, contact with ancestral tradition, and ancient rhythm of life. His plays, Les Dieux malgaches (1947; \u0026ldquo;The Malagasy Gods\u0026rdquo;), Les Boutriers de l\u2019aurore (1957; untranslatable), and Les Agapes des dieux: Tritivatrag\u00E9die malgache (1962; \u0026ldquo;Love Feasts of the Gods\u0026rdquo;), and his somewhat rhetorical poems were well received, and he became one of Madagascar\u2019s most prominent writers.\nRabemananjara was also an influential politician. He held several government posts, including minister of foreign affairs, and in the late 1960s he was considered a possible presidential candidate. His popularity subsequently waned, however, in part because of allegations of corruption, and in 1972 he moved to Paris. In 1992 Rabemananjara ran for president of Madagascar, but he was easily defeated.","MaxDetailCharacters":0,"ImageUrl":"https://cdn.blackfacts.com/uploads/blackfacts/facts/media1.britannica.com/eb-media/04/68004-004-0df7e853.jpg","ImageHeight":413,"ImageWidth":550,"ImageOrientation":"landscape","HasImage":true,"CssClass":"","Layout":"","Rowspan":1,"Colspan":1,"Likes":0,"Shares":0,"ContentSourceId":"80689a34-9b7c-4d3a-91f8-56cabb44f365","SourceName":"Brittanica","ContentSourceRootUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/search?query=black%20history","SponsorId":"999065ff-039b-49bc-909d-0c5dbe2e80ae","IsSponsored":true,"SponsorName":"Greater Boston Veterans Collaborative","SmallSponsorLogoUrl":"24x24/GBVC-logo.png","SponsorUrl":"http://www.collaborate.vet/","HasSmallSponsorLogo":true,"EffectiveDate":"2005-04-01T00:00:00","HasEffectiveDate":true,"Year":2005,"Month":4,"Day":1,"LastUpdatedDate":"2023-11-25T05:14:39.027","LastUpdatedBy":"ExtractionBotHub","IsEditable":false,"InsertAd":false,"Id":9736,"FactUId":"264b61b2-1b70-497c-b525-bdf82ba093ad","Slug":"jacques-rabemananjara","FactType":"Event","Title":"Jacques Rabemananjara","LocalFactUrl":"/fact/jacques-rabemananjara","ResultCount":-1,"SearchType":"Today"}],"Uri":"https://widgets.blackfacts.com/widgets/5F58B392-EB14-4AC4-90DA-31163907B7AC/today?callback=bfCallback1743386737304","SiteRoot":"https://blackfacts.com","ApiUsage":0,"Cached":true,"StartTime":"2025-04-01T04:29:30.447003Z","Elapsed":"00:00:00.5803511"})